Let's practice gerunds, infinitives and using the bare infinitive. What's THAT???
Goto this page, read my posts and try the exercises:
http://preintduan.blogspot.com/search?q=gerunds
:)
Also, for fun have a look at my webpage, if you like, then click on animations, then click "here" ;)
Wednesday, June 17, 2009
Monday, June 8, 2009
Homework June 9th due THURSDAY
Hi class!
OK, good work.
Let's practice conditionals:
Try: http://a4esl.org/q/h/vm/if-clauses.html
http://a4esl.org/q/h/mb/adv_conditional.html
http://esl.about.com/library/quiz/bl_conditionals1.htm
http://esl.about.com/od/grammarlessonplans/a/l_condreview.htm
http://esl.about.com/od/grammarlessonplans/a/chant13.htm
Study:
http://esl.about.com/od/gramma1/a/conditional.htm
FROM http://prof.usb.ve/bleiva/Ingles/Gramatica/Sesion7.htm...
Links:
For information or explanations on Conditionals, go to
http://www.englishspanishlink.com/gram%20conditional.htm
http://valenciaenglish.netfirms.com/conditionals.htm
http://grammar.englishclub.com/verbs-conditional.htm check the six links of this page, especially the ZERO CONDITIONAL, so important in scientific English.
To practice conditionals go to:
http://www.pacificnet.net/~sperling/quiz/if1.html
http://a4esl.org/q/h/vm/if-clauses.html
http://www.better-english.com/grammar/secondconditional1.htm
http://esl.about.com/library/quiz/blgrquiz_conditionals.htm
http://www3.telus.net/linguisticsissues/2nd3rdconditionals1.htm Fill in the gaps
http://www3.telus.net/linguisticsissues/2nd3rdconditionals2.htm Rewrite the sentences
http://www3.telus.net/linguisticsissues/2nd3rdconditionals3.htm Say if the sentences are correct or incorrect
http://wwwedu.ge.ch/cptic/prospective/projets/anglais/exercises/condit2.htm fill in the blanks
http://wwwedu.ge.ch/cptic/prospective/projets/anglais/exercises/condit3.htm An exercise to reinforce the use of the second and third conditional.
Modal verbs:
Remember to check explanations of MODAL VERBS in previous sessions.
May, might and would are modal verbs which are used as follows:
We use may and might for events which could happen in the future . Their most common meaning is POSSIBILITY.
Examples:
* I don't know what I will do on my vacation, but I may stay home.
* I can't help you. Why don't you ask the secretary? She might be able to help.
* It is cloudy today. It might rain this afternoon.
The negative forms of these verbs are may not, might not , would not
Examples:
* I may not go to the party tonight. I have a lot to study.
* Classes might not start next week. The teacher is traveling.
They can also be used in the continuous tense may/might be doing
Examples:
* If you call after 10:00 pm. I might be sleeping
* She may be going out off town next summer.
Sometimes we use would after the verb wish
Examples:
* I wish it would stop raining. It's raining a lot. I want to go out to play, but my mother says I can not because it is raining.
* Tom wishes He would be able to speak German. He needs to travel to Germany soon and he doesn't know a word in that language.
We use I wish...wouldn�t to complain about the way some people do certain actions .
Examples:
* I wish my father wouldn't smoke so much. He might get sick.
* He wishes you wouldn't drive so fast. It makes him feel nervous.
You can also use would to express the past and remember events which have happened.
Examples:
* When my brother was a child, he went to the USA by ship. He would wake up very early every morning to see the sunrise.
* Whenever Linda was sad, she would just walk out of the room.
* When we were children, we all used to get up very early and go to the beach every day during summer.
Taken and modified from: Murphy, R. and William Rutherford (1999). Grammar in Use. Cambridge University Press, UK.
Links:
For explanations and exercises on Modal Verbs go to: http://www.englishpage.com/modals/modalintro.html
http://esl.lbcc.cc.ca.us/eesllessons/modals/modals.htm
http://www.i-claudius.com/esl/modals.html
http://smccd.net/accounts/sevas/esl/gramcheck/gramcheck3-5/modalflashcds.html
Try searching on YouTube:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CdHbkjCviC0&feature=PlayList&p=EEA0D5FA42DB4C58&index=2&playnext=2&playnext_from=PL
Or Google:
http://www.google.com.au/search?hl=en&q=conditional+quiz+esl&meta=
More test practice here:
http://preintduan.blogspot.com/2009/04/toeic-youtube-tests.html
OK, good work.
Let's practice conditionals:
Try: http://a4esl.org/q/h/vm/if-clauses.html
http://a4esl.org/q/h/mb/adv_conditional.html
http://esl.about.com/library/quiz/bl_conditionals1.htm
http://esl.about.com/od/grammarlessonplans/a/l_condreview.htm
http://esl.about.com/od/grammarlessonplans/a/chant13.htm
Study:
http://esl.about.com/od/gramma1/a/conditional.htm
FROM http://prof.usb.ve/bleiva/Ingles/Gramatica/Sesion7.htm...
Links:
For information or explanations on Conditionals, go to
http://www.englishspanishlink.com/gram%20conditional.htm
http://valenciaenglish.netfirms.com/conditionals.htm
http://grammar.englishclub.com/verbs-conditional.htm check the six links of this page, especially the ZERO CONDITIONAL, so important in scientific English.
To practice conditionals go to:
http://www.pacificnet.net/~sperling/quiz/if1.html
http://a4esl.org/q/h/vm/if-clauses.html
http://www.better-english.com/grammar/secondconditional1.htm
http://esl.about.com/library/quiz/blgrquiz_conditionals.htm
http://www3.telus.net/linguisticsissues/2nd3rdconditionals1.htm Fill in the gaps
http://www3.telus.net/linguisticsissues/2nd3rdconditionals2.htm Rewrite the sentences
http://www3.telus.net/linguisticsissues/2nd3rdconditionals3.htm Say if the sentences are correct or incorrect
http://wwwedu.ge.ch/cptic/prospective/projets/anglais/exercises/condit2.htm fill in the blanks
http://wwwedu.ge.ch/cptic/prospective/projets/anglais/exercises/condit3.htm An exercise to reinforce the use of the second and third conditional.
Modal verbs:
Remember to check explanations of MODAL VERBS in previous sessions.
May, might and would are modal verbs which are used as follows:
We use may and might for events which could happen in the future . Their most common meaning is POSSIBILITY.
Examples:
* I don't know what I will do on my vacation, but I may stay home.
* I can't help you. Why don't you ask the secretary? She might be able to help.
* It is cloudy today. It might rain this afternoon.
The negative forms of these verbs are may not, might not , would not
Examples:
* I may not go to the party tonight. I have a lot to study.
* Classes might not start next week. The teacher is traveling.
They can also be used in the continuous tense may/might be doing
Examples:
* If you call after 10:00 pm. I might be sleeping
* She may be going out off town next summer.
Sometimes we use would after the verb wish
Examples:
* I wish it would stop raining. It's raining a lot. I want to go out to play, but my mother says I can not because it is raining.
* Tom wishes He would be able to speak German. He needs to travel to Germany soon and he doesn't know a word in that language.
We use I wish...wouldn�t to complain about the way some people do certain actions .
Examples:
* I wish my father wouldn't smoke so much. He might get sick.
* He wishes you wouldn't drive so fast. It makes him feel nervous.
You can also use would to express the past and remember events which have happened.
Examples:
* When my brother was a child, he went to the USA by ship. He would wake up very early every morning to see the sunrise.
* Whenever Linda was sad, she would just walk out of the room.
* When we were children, we all used to get up very early and go to the beach every day during summer.
Taken and modified from: Murphy, R. and William Rutherford (1999). Grammar in Use. Cambridge University Press, UK.
Links:
For explanations and exercises on Modal Verbs go to: http://www.englishpage.com/modals/modalintro.html
http://esl.lbcc.cc.ca.us/eesllessons/modals/modals.htm
http://www.i-claudius.com/esl/modals.html
http://smccd.net/accounts/sevas/esl/gramcheck/gramcheck3-5/modalflashcds.html
Try searching on YouTube:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CdHbkjCviC0&feature=PlayList&p=EEA0D5FA42DB4C58&index=2&playnext=2&playnext_from=PL
Or Google:
http://www.google.com.au/search?hl=en&q=conditional+quiz+esl&meta=
More test practice here:
http://preintduan.blogspot.com/2009/04/toeic-youtube-tests.html
Thursday, May 28, 2009
Wednesday, May 27, 2009
Causative verbs
REad this please:
http://www.usingenglish.com/forum/ask-teacher/22581-causative-verbs-make-have-get-let-etc.html
http://www.eslgold.com/grammar/causative_verbs.htmlCausative Verbs
Causative verbs designate the action necessary to cause another action to happen. In "The devil made me do it." the verb "made" causes the "do" to happen. Here is a brief list of causative verbs, in no particular order: let, help, allow, have, require, allow, motivate, get, make, convince, hire, assist, encourage, permit, employ, force. Most of them are followed by an object (noun or pronoun) followed by an infinitive: "She allows her pet cockatiel to perch on the windowsill. She hired a carpenter to build a new birdcage."
Three causative verbs are exceptions to the pattern described above. Instead of being followed by a noun/pronoun and an infinitive, the causative verbs have, make and let are followed by a noun/pronoun and the base form of the verb (which is actually an infinitive with the "to" left off).
Professor Villa had her students read four short novels in one week.
She also made them read five plays in one week.
However, she let them skip the final exam.
Try:
http://www.eslgold.com/grammar/causative_verbs.html
http://www.learnenglishfeelgood.com/lefg1_causative2.html
http://www.usingenglish.com/forum/ask-teacher/22581-causative-verbs-make-have-get-let-etc.html
http://www.eslgold.com/grammar/causative_verbs.htmlCausative Verbs
Causative verbs designate the action necessary to cause another action to happen. In "The devil made me do it." the verb "made" causes the "do" to happen. Here is a brief list of causative verbs, in no particular order: let, help, allow, have, require, allow, motivate, get, make, convince, hire, assist, encourage, permit, employ, force. Most of them are followed by an object (noun or pronoun) followed by an infinitive: "She allows her pet cockatiel to perch on the windowsill. She hired a carpenter to build a new birdcage."
Three causative verbs are exceptions to the pattern described above. Instead of being followed by a noun/pronoun and an infinitive, the causative verbs have, make and let are followed by a noun/pronoun and the base form of the verb (which is actually an infinitive with the "to" left off).
Professor Villa had her students read four short novels in one week.
She also made them read five plays in one week.
However, she let them skip the final exam.
Try:
http://www.eslgold.com/grammar/causative_verbs.html
http://www.learnenglishfeelgood.com/lefg1_causative2.html
Tuesday, May 26, 2009
FOLLOW
What is following a blog?
Read this:
http://help.blogger.com/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=104226
So, after you "follow" you need to read this:
http://help.blogger.com/bin/answer.py?answer=99761
OKAY, so next you need to create a blog!!! Yay!
After you have created a blog, you can go to your dashboard and you add the blog by scrolling down to the reading list.
So,:
1. Create a blog.
2. Go to http://preintduan.blogspot.com/
3. Click FOLLOW and use your blog login.
4. Go to your blog.
5. Click DASHBOARD.
6. Scroll down to Reading list.
That's it!
Read this:
http://help.blogger.com/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=104226
So, after you "follow" you need to read this:
http://help.blogger.com/bin/answer.py?answer=99761
OKAY, so next you need to create a blog!!! Yay!
After you have created a blog, you can go to your dashboard and you add the blog by scrolling down to the reading list.
So,:
1. Create a blog.
2. Go to http://preintduan.blogspot.com/
3. Click FOLLOW and use your blog login.
4. Go to your blog.
5. Click DASHBOARD.
6. Scroll down to Reading list.
That's it!
Homework 26 May, 09.
Please click FOLLOW on the right -> then login and you should see your picture on the right of the blog.
Thursday:
We will be focusing on the TOEIC grammar focus for this week, so we will go on the blog 2:30-3:30 Thursday. Each student must write a "COMMENT"/question about the blog for that day.
Thanks!
Duan.
Please click FOLLOW on the right -> then login and you should see your picture on the right of the blog.
Thursday:
We will be focusing on the TOEIC grammar focus for this week, so we will go on the blog 2:30-3:30 Thursday. Each student must write a "COMMENT"/question about the blog for that day.
Thanks!
Duan.
Friday, May 22, 2009
Moreover
Moreover...
Hi!
Read this - it talks about common words new students try to use that locals usually don't:
eg: Moreover, almost/most (misuse), hobby, so so, maybe no.
Interesting.
Some notes:
Don't say: Maybe no. Almost students. so so.
--> Instead, try: No. Most students. Not too bad
You will only hear this at interviews or elementary school really: hobby.
Only in academic writing and TOEIC: moreover
Cheers,
Duan.
Hi!
Read this - it talks about common words new students try to use that locals usually don't:
eg: Moreover, almost/most (misuse), hobby, so so, maybe no.
Interesting.
Some notes:
Don't say: Maybe no. Almost students. so so.
--> Instead, try: No. Most students. Not too bad
You will only hear this at interviews or elementary school really: hobby.
Only in academic writing and TOEIC: moreover
Cheers,
Duan.
Wednesday, May 20, 2009
Last class
Hi TEOIC!
Wow - we have covered lots of grammar on this blog - I hope you've been keeping up!
Today, try studying ing/ed here:
1. Here
2. Here
3. Here
4. Here
5. Read this about passive tenses...
6. Participles
7.Finally, here
OK - great!
Furthermore (for Roger! haha) - did you all study subordinating conjunctions yet??), here are some documents with links that I created to answer some questions at PGIC previously:
OPEN WORD FIRST!These are in folders...
Conjunctions:
S:\STUDENT'S WORK FOR TEACHERS\Duan\NOT HERE\Conjunctions_TOEIC.doc
Comparatives:
S:\STUDENT'S WORK FOR TEACHERS\Duan\NOT HERE\TOEIC compare.doc
Past perfect continunous:
S:\STUDENT'S WORK FOR TEACHERS\Duan\NOT HERE\past_perfect_cont.doc
S:\STUDENT'S WORK FOR TEACHERS\Duan\NOT HERE\past_cont_perfect.doc
TOEIC test practice:
S:\STUDENT'S WORK FOR TEACHERS\Duan\NOT HERE\TOEICextra.doc
Revision:
S:\STUDENT'S WORK FOR TEACHERS\Duan\NOT HERE\toeic_revision_updated_terry.doc
OK, great!
Don't forget to COMMENT to ask any questions.
Also, FOLLOW this blog for updates forever! Yay!
Wow - we have covered lots of grammar on this blog - I hope you've been keeping up!
Today, try studying ing/ed here:
1. Here
2. Here
3. Here
4. Here
5. Read this about passive tenses...
6. Participles
7.Finally, here
OK - great!
Furthermore (for Roger! haha) - did you all study subordinating conjunctions yet??), here are some documents with links that I created to answer some questions at PGIC previously:
OPEN WORD FIRST!These are in folders...
Conjunctions:
S:\STUDENT'S WORK FOR TEACHERS\Duan\NOT HERE\Conjunctions_TOEIC.doc
Comparatives:
S:\STUDENT'S WORK FOR TEACHERS\Duan\NOT HERE\TOEIC compare.doc
Past perfect continunous:
S:\STUDENT'S WORK FOR TEACHERS\Duan\NOT HERE\past_perfect_cont.doc
S:\STUDENT'S WORK FOR TEACHERS\Duan\NOT HERE\past_cont_perfect.doc
TOEIC test practice:
S:\STUDENT'S WORK FOR TEACHERS\Duan\NOT HERE\TOEICextra.doc
Revision:
S:\STUDENT'S WORK FOR TEACHERS\Duan\NOT HERE\toeic_revision_updated_terry.doc
OK, great!
Don't forget to COMMENT to ask any questions.
Also, FOLLOW this blog for updates forever! Yay!
Thursday, May 14, 2009
Questions in class
Good luck in tomorrow's TOEIC test!
Some questions answered from today's class...
Moreover/Furthermore/Therefore/So:
Read this and this.
Here are some common subordinating conjunctions.
Here is a quiz.
Connectors quiz.
More practice.
Lots more examples.
OKAY. What else?
Passive and active voice.
What is that?
What is an example?
Quiz.
One more.
Can you show me on YouTube?
Continued.
More on conjunctions here and here.
Finally, what about sentence structure? eg subject-verb-object, etc.
Read this, then:
Practice subject-verb agreement here.
Oh, yes - the other problem was with gerunds and infintives.
Read this and this, too.
Gerund or Infinitive with/without to
Quiz1.
Quiz2.
Quiz3.
What is a bare infinitive?
Example.
Cool - good night and good luck!
Duan.
Some questions answered from today's class...
Moreover/Furthermore/Therefore/So:
Read this and this.
Here are some common subordinating conjunctions.
Here is a quiz.
Connectors quiz.
More practice.
Lots more examples.
OKAY. What else?
Passive and active voice.
What is that?
What is an example?
Quiz.
One more.
Can you show me on YouTube?
Continued.
More on conjunctions here and here.
Finally, what about sentence structure? eg subject-verb-object, etc.
Read this, then:
Practice subject-verb agreement here.
Oh, yes - the other problem was with gerunds and infintives.
Read this and this, too.
Gerund or Infinitive with/without to
Quiz1.
Quiz2.
Quiz3.
What is a bare infinitive?
Example.
Cool - good night and good luck!
Duan.
Tuesday, May 12, 2009
Perfect!
Hi class! Firstly - whoops! The address is not TOEIC, it's:
http://preintduan.blogspot.com/
Please check it regularly. The best way is to click "FOLLOW" to get updates.
If anything is way too easy, stop it and try another link instead :)
Okay, so on Tuesday, I found there was some confusion about:
before/after
present/past tense
bare infinitive
Also, the grammar focus for this week is relative clauses:
who/which/that
eg. He is the teacher who helped me.
That is the book that I read.
You are the one I trust.
To practice perfect tenses:
1. Read this and present and this for past. These are very useful pages. Click around. Have fun!
2. Practice here
3. and here
To practice before and after, click:
1. Here
2. and here.
To practice relative clauses:
1. Read this, this and this.
2. Practice here.
3. A little more advanced.
For additional work, try here, here, here and here.
Any questions? Click "message".
Finally, test your understanding of tenses here.
Good luck!
Duan.
Oh, here are some explanations:
Present perfect
Past perfect.
Relative clauses
For homework, why not practice the TOEIC test in my previous post here:
Reading
Listening
Answers.
C ya!
Duan.
http://preintduan.blogspot.com/
Please check it regularly. The best way is to click "FOLLOW" to get updates.
If anything is way too easy, stop it and try another link instead :)
Okay, so on Tuesday, I found there was some confusion about:
before/after
present/past tense
bare infinitive
Also, the grammar focus for this week is relative clauses:
who/which/that
eg. He is the teacher who helped me.
That is the book that I read.
You are the one I trust.
To practice perfect tenses:
1. Read this and present and this for past. These are very useful pages. Click around. Have fun!
2. Practice here
3. and here
To practice before and after, click:
1. Here
2. and here.
To practice relative clauses:
1. Read this, this and this.
2. Practice here.
3. A little more advanced.
For additional work, try here, here, here and here.
Any questions? Click "message".
Finally, test your understanding of tenses here.
Good luck!
Duan.
Oh, here are some explanations:
Present perfect
Past perfect.
Relative clauses
For homework, why not practice the TOEIC test in my previous post here:
Reading
Listening
Answers.
C ya!
Duan.
Thursday, May 7, 2009
More slowly VS slower
Today, I was asked what is the difference between:
more slowly | slower
-> adverb | adjective
i.e. You can't use the adjective "slower" as an adverb.
For a full discussion on this point, read here.
Therefore, we must say: "Speak more slowly".
We shouldn't say "Speak slower", because Speak is a verb here, not a noun.
So, before using "slower", think: is it referring to a noun or a verb?
eg.
Speak more slowly. <--- verb/adverb!!!!
You speech should be slower. <--- noun/adjective!!!!
So, if it's an adverb (ie usually -ly), we don't change it to -ier. We use "more -ly" :)
Got it?
I might also mention an online TOEIC preparation site here for about $20/week. (They have offered discounts if you mention this blog.)
more slowly | slower
-> adverb | adjective
i.e. You can't use the adjective "slower" as an adverb.
For a full discussion on this point, read here.
Therefore, we must say: "Speak more slowly".
We shouldn't say "Speak slower", because Speak is a verb here, not a noun.
So, before using "slower", think: is it referring to a noun or a verb?
eg.
Speak more slowly. <--- verb/adverb!!!!
You speech should be slower. <--- noun/adjective!!!!
So, if it's an adverb (ie usually -ly), we don't change it to -ier. We use "more -ly" :)
Got it?
I might also mention an online TOEIC preparation site here for about $20/week. (They have offered discounts if you mention this blog.)
Wednesday, May 6, 2009
Comparatives and Superlatives
Hi TOEIC class! Let's hope the computers work this time.
GRAMMAR THIS WEEK: Comparatives and Superlatives!
So let's practice:
First, check out this song for the differences. Why not?
1. Comparative & Superlative
2. Comparative & Superlative 3
Pick and choose the right ones for you:
Finally, try some online TOEIC tests from last session, here.
GRAMMAR THIS WEEK: Comparatives and Superlatives!
So let's practice:
First, check out this song for the differences. Why not?
1. Comparative & Superlative
2. Comparative & Superlative 3
Pick and choose the right ones for you:
COMPARATIVES
- comparative and superlative 01 [A4ESL]
- comparative and superlative 02 [A4ESL]
- comparative and superlative 03 [A4ESL]
- comparative and superlative 04 [A4ESL]
- comparative and superlative 05 [Learnenglish]
- comparative and superlative 06 [Collegeem]
- comparative and superlative 07 [Collegeem]
- comparative and superlative 08 [StClare Oxford online]
- comparative and superlative 11 [The Grammar Aquarium]
- comparative grammar [English Club]
- comparative mistakes [Pasadena City College]
- comparative superiority 1 [Better-English]
- comparative superiority 2 [Better-English]
- comparison of adjectives 1 [English-Hilfen]
- comparison of adjectives 2 [English-Hilfen]
- comparison of adjectives 3 [English-Hilfen]
- comparison of adverbs 1 [English-Hilfen]
- comparison sentences 01 [A4ESL]
- comparison sentences 02 [A4ESL]
- comparison sentences 03 [A4ESL]
- comparison sentences 04 [ODL]
- comparison sentences 05 [A4ESL]
- crossword comparatives superlatives [ODLT]
- degrees of comparison 1 [Learnenglish]
- degrees of comparison 2 [Learnenglish]
- easy comparisons [A4ESL]
- grammar all kind of comparatives [Edufind]
- grammar comparative and superlative 01 [Curso-Ingles online]
- grammar comparative and superlative 02 [ESL About]
- grammar comparative and superlative 03 [University of Calgary]
- grammar comparative and superlative 04 [Sherton]
- grammar comparative and superlative 05 [P. James M. Donnelly]
- grammar comparative and superlative 06 [St Clare Oxford]
- grammar comparative and superlative 07 [ESL About]
- grammar comparative and superlative 08 [Sherton]
- grammar comparative and superlative 09 [A4ESL]
- grammar spanish comparative and superlative [OM Grammar]
- list comparative and superlative [A4ESL]
- puzzle comparatives[ITESLJ]
- regular comparatives and superlatives 1 [University of Victoria BC.]
- regular comparatives and superlatives 2 [University of Victoria BC]
- sentence-ordering puzzle [University of Victoria BC]
SUPERLATIVES
Superlative exercises 4 [ODL.VWV.]
Superlative grammar [English Club]
Spelling Superlatives 1 .-[ English-Zone]
Superlative Forms.-complete the sentences.-[Isabel Pèrez]
superlatives 2.-listen and answer.-[Andrew Thatcher]
Superlatives.-listen and answer.-[Andrew Thatcher]
Finally, try some online TOEIC tests from last session, here.
Tuesday, April 28, 2009
New Students Session 5
Good afternoon class of session 5!!!
Well, we all know that "TOEIC IS FANTASTIC", but why?
1. It is a fantastic way to focus your grammar skills.
2. It is a fantastic opportunity to learn as part of a group-structured practice.
3. It is a fantastic chance to practice your English under pressure, which is fantastic for job opportunities.
So, how do you start using this blog?
1. JOIN this blog, so that you get notified of updates.
2. RIGHT-click the links to open new windows ("open in new window").
3. If unsure of what to do, read the blog, ask a partner or ask me!
What about now?
This week's grammar focus is on prepositions (time/place), so here are some links to follow (remember right-click, then "open in new window" please).
1. Let's start by clicking on this moderate-level prepositions QUIZ. (click)
2. Then, here.
3. More here.
4. OKAY, try studying some common prepositions here, then follow the links on the page (if the advert isn't too distracting!).
5. The other thing to do is study YouTube:
Some locations prepositions:
Common errors - prepositions:
If you have lots of time for prepositions, try all these:
Start here with these excellent tables and the exercises that come with them from the ego4u website:
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/prepositions
These are from the Language Project website:
http://www.languageproject.co.uk/free_exercises/elementary/elementary_prepositions.htm
Prepositions with People
http://www.languageproject.co.uk/free_exercises/exercise_page.php?ID=76
Prepositions – Study
http://www.languageproject.co.uk/free_exercises/exercise_page.php?ID=77
Prepositions of Place
http://www.languageproject.co.uk/free_exercises/exercise_page.php?ID=97
Prepositions of Time
http://www.languageproject.co.uk/free_exercises/exercise_page.php?ID=98
From the website 5-minute English: Time and Date:
http://www.5minuteenglish.com/mar18.htm
The following links are from the excellent ESL website a4esl.
Here are the Preposition exercises from there in order of difficulty. Make sure you bookmark the site and go back and use it for other things too.
Prepositions often confused by Donna Tatsuki
http://a4esl.org/q/j/dt/mc-confusedprep.html
A preposition crossword:
http://iteslj.org/cw/1/vm-prep.htm
About, at, for or to by Vera Mello
http://a4esl.org/q/j/vm/fb-prep.html
At, in or on by Nuala Ivic
http://a4esl.org/q/j/ni/fb-prepositions.html
Prepositions by Vera Mello
http://a4esl.org/q/j/vm/mc-prep.html
At in or on by Jack Bradshaw
http://a4esl.org/q/j/jb/fb-prepositions.html
In, At or On by Douglas Gilbert
http://a4esl.org/q/h/9704/dg-in-at-on.html
By Ilker utlu
http://a4esl.org/q/f/z/zz48miu.htm
http://a4esl.org/q/f/z/zz46miu.htm
By Charles Kelly
http://a4esl.org/q/f/z/zz98bck.htm
By Barbara Donnelly
http://a4esl.org/q/h/fb-bd-preposition.html
4 by Vera Mello
http://a4esl.org/q/h/vm/prepos01.html
http://a4esl.org/q/h/vm/prepos02.html
http://a4esl.org/q/h/vm/prepos03.html
http://a4esl.org/q/h/vm/prep01.html
By Yanti Nading
http://a4esl.org/q/h/0001/yn-prepositions.html
By Leticia Bradley
http://a4esl.org/q/h/lb/inatplaces.html
http://a4esl.org/q/h/lb/inonat.html
At on and in used in Time and Dates
http://a4esl.org/q/h/lb/atonintime.html
At, by, with
http://a4esl.org/q/h/lb/atbywith.html
Slightly more difficult maybe:
by Senora Edmilson
http://a4esl.org/q/h/0101/es-prepositions.html
By Violeta Tsoneva
http://a4esl.org/q/f/x/xz98mvt.htm
By Charles Kelly
http://a4esl.org/q/f/z/zz65fck.htm
After, for or since by Vera Mello
http://a4esl.org/q/j/vm/fb-afterforsince.html
By Charles Kelly
http://a4esl.org/q/j/ck/fb-prepositions.html
By Vera Mello
http://a4esl.org/q/j/vm/ci-prep.html
Charles Kelly:
http://a4esl.org/q/j/ck/mc-prepositions.html
In, on or up by Richard Davies
http://a4esl.org/q/h/9801/rd-inonup.html
By Cheryl Newman Maris
http://a4esl.org/q/h/9704/cn-prepos.html
Level 2 by Vera Mello
http://a4esl.org/q/h/vm/prep02.html
Level 3 by Vera Mello
http://a4esl.org/q/h/vm/prep03.html
Astronomy quiz to practise prepositions by Joan M Diez
http://a4esl.org/q/h/9901/jd-astronomy.html
DIFFICULT
Quiz about Manatees (very large and not very beautiful animals that live in the sea) by Alexandra Sanchez
http://a4esl.org/q/f/z/zz36mas.htm
Particles in Conversation by Ted Power
http://a4esl.org/q/j/tp/mc-particle.html
http://a4esl.org/q/j/tp/mc-particle2.html
http://a4esl.org/q/j/tp/mc-particle3.html
http://a4esl.org/q/j/tp/mc-particle4.html
http://a4esl.org/q/j/tp/mc-particle5.html
http://a4esl.org/q/j/tp/mc-particle6.html
http://a4esl.org/q/j/tp/mc-particle7.html
US Holidays and Celebrations by Vera Mello. This is a useful exercise for ECCE students
http://a4esl.org/q/h/vm/holidays.html
Prepositions for the Writing about Graphs task in the IELTS exam. Also good for CPE students. By Enda Tuomey
http://www.writefix.com/graphs/preps.htm
How do you self-study? Try searching like this on google.com.au (click here).
Well, we all know that "TOEIC IS FANTASTIC", but why?
1. It is a fantastic way to focus your grammar skills.
2. It is a fantastic opportunity to learn as part of a group-structured practice.
3. It is a fantastic chance to practice your English under pressure, which is fantastic for job opportunities.
So, how do you start using this blog?
1. JOIN this blog, so that you get notified of updates.
2. RIGHT-click the links to open new windows ("open in new window").
3. If unsure of what to do, read the blog, ask a partner or ask me!
What about now?
This week's grammar focus is on prepositions (time/place), so here are some links to follow (remember right-click, then "open in new window" please).
1. Let's start by clicking on this moderate-level prepositions QUIZ. (click)
2. Then, here.
3. More here.
4. OKAY, try studying some common prepositions here, then follow the links on the page (if the advert isn't too distracting!).
5. The other thing to do is study YouTube:
Some locations prepositions:
Common errors - prepositions:
If you have lots of time for prepositions, try all these:
Start here with these excellent tables and the exercises that come with them from the ego4u website:
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/prepositions
These are from the Language Project website:
http://www.languageproject.co.uk/free_exercises/elementary/elementary_prepositions.htm
Prepositions with People
http://www.languageproject.co.uk/free_exercises/exercise_page.php?ID=76
Prepositions – Study
http://www.languageproject.co.uk/free_exercises/exercise_page.php?ID=77
Prepositions of Place
http://www.languageproject.co.uk/free_exercises/exercise_page.php?ID=97
Prepositions of Time
http://www.languageproject.co.uk/free_exercises/exercise_page.php?ID=98
From the website 5-minute English: Time and Date:
http://www.5minuteenglish.com/mar18.htm
The following links are from the excellent ESL website a4esl.
Here are the Preposition exercises from there in order of difficulty. Make sure you bookmark the site and go back and use it for other things too.
Prepositions often confused by Donna Tatsuki
http://a4esl.org/q/j/dt/mc-confusedprep.html
A preposition crossword:
http://iteslj.org/cw/1/vm-prep.htm
About, at, for or to by Vera Mello
http://a4esl.org/q/j/vm/fb-prep.html
At, in or on by Nuala Ivic
http://a4esl.org/q/j/ni/fb-prepositions.html
Prepositions by Vera Mello
http://a4esl.org/q/j/vm/mc-prep.html
At in or on by Jack Bradshaw
http://a4esl.org/q/j/jb/fb-prepositions.html
In, At or On by Douglas Gilbert
http://a4esl.org/q/h/9704/dg-in-at-on.html
By Ilker utlu
http://a4esl.org/q/f/z/zz48miu.htm
http://a4esl.org/q/f/z/zz46miu.htm
By Charles Kelly
http://a4esl.org/q/f/z/zz98bck.htm
By Barbara Donnelly
http://a4esl.org/q/h/fb-bd-preposition.html
4 by Vera Mello
http://a4esl.org/q/h/vm/prepos01.html
http://a4esl.org/q/h/vm/prepos02.html
http://a4esl.org/q/h/vm/prepos03.html
http://a4esl.org/q/h/vm/prep01.html
By Yanti Nading
http://a4esl.org/q/h/0001/yn-prepositions.html
By Leticia Bradley
http://a4esl.org/q/h/lb/inatplaces.html
http://a4esl.org/q/h/lb/inonat.html
At on and in used in Time and Dates
http://a4esl.org/q/h/lb/atonintime.html
At, by, with
http://a4esl.org/q/h/lb/atbywith.html
Slightly more difficult maybe:
by Senora Edmilson
http://a4esl.org/q/h/0101/es-prepositions.html
By Violeta Tsoneva
http://a4esl.org/q/f/x/xz98mvt.htm
By Charles Kelly
http://a4esl.org/q/f/z/zz65fck.htm
After, for or since by Vera Mello
http://a4esl.org/q/j/vm/fb-afterforsince.html
By Charles Kelly
http://a4esl.org/q/j/ck/fb-prepositions.html
By Vera Mello
http://a4esl.org/q/j/vm/ci-prep.html
Charles Kelly:
http://a4esl.org/q/j/ck/mc-prepositions.html
In, on or up by Richard Davies
http://a4esl.org/q/h/9801/rd-inonup.html
By Cheryl Newman Maris
http://a4esl.org/q/h/9704/cn-prepos.html
Level 2 by Vera Mello
http://a4esl.org/q/h/vm/prep02.html
Level 3 by Vera Mello
http://a4esl.org/q/h/vm/prep03.html
Astronomy quiz to practise prepositions by Joan M Diez
http://a4esl.org/q/h/9901/jd-astronomy.html
DIFFICULT
Quiz about Manatees (very large and not very beautiful animals that live in the sea) by Alexandra Sanchez
http://a4esl.org/q/f/z/zz36mas.htm
Particles in Conversation by Ted Power
http://a4esl.org/q/j/tp/mc-particle.html
http://a4esl.org/q/j/tp/mc-particle2.html
http://a4esl.org/q/j/tp/mc-particle3.html
http://a4esl.org/q/j/tp/mc-particle4.html
http://a4esl.org/q/j/tp/mc-particle5.html
http://a4esl.org/q/j/tp/mc-particle6.html
http://a4esl.org/q/j/tp/mc-particle7.html
US Holidays and Celebrations by Vera Mello. This is a useful exercise for ECCE students
http://a4esl.org/q/h/vm/holidays.html
Prepositions for the Writing about Graphs task in the IELTS exam. Also good for CPE students. By Enda Tuomey
http://www.writefix.com/graphs/preps.htm
How do you self-study? Try searching like this on google.com.au (click here).
Wednesday, April 15, 2009
Homework for TOEIC weekend
Revise the difference between specified and unspecified here:
1. Read this.
2. What are generic nouns???
3. OK, practice the previous TOEIC posts - test practice.
4. Study uncountable nouns.
5. Examples of THE...
6. What's the difference between countable and uncountable?
7. Which one??
8. Practice your understanding here.
9. Practice indefinite articles.
10 and definite.
1. Read this.
2. What are generic nouns???
3. OK, practice the previous TOEIC posts - test practice.
4. Study uncountable nouns.
5. Examples of THE...
6. What's the difference between countable and uncountable?
7. Which one??
8. Practice your understanding here.
9. Practice indefinite articles.
10 and definite.
Monday, April 13, 2009
TOEIC reading PARTS V, VI, VII
OK, I think the TOEIC LISTENING tests from YouTube were quite useful. Please practice these again at home for homework.
Here are the answers from part II: 10B 11a 12c 13a 14b 15c.
Next, have a look at this series of videos about the READING PARTS v,vi, vii.
Cheers,
Duan.
PART V
CONTINUED:
PART VI
continued:
PART VII
continued:
Final review from YouTube:
Happy studying!
Duan.
Here are the answers from part II: 10B 11a 12c 13a 14b 15c.
Next, have a look at this series of videos about the READING PARTS v,vi, vii.
Cheers,
Duan.
PART V
CONTINUED:
PART VI
continued:
PART VII
continued:
Final review from YouTube:
Happy studying!
Duan.
Thursday, April 9, 2009
TOEIC youtube tests...
Cool! Try these...
Also some of you might need to practice prepositions here:
Here:
and here:
What about conditionals?
Finally, here are some online tips and overview of the TOEIC test:
Try searching youtube for yourself typing in "TOEIC"
Cheers and happy study!
Duan.
Also some of you might need to practice prepositions here:
Here:
and here:
What about conditionals?
Finally, here are some online tips and overview of the TOEIC test:
Try searching youtube for yourself typing in "TOEIC"
Cheers and happy study!
Duan.
Testing
Hi TOEIC!
I hope you had fun doing your TOEIC homework from Thursday... th th th should be perfect!
Also, I am sure you gained a lot from the TOEIC resources in the previous posts - keep practicing your grammar, vocabulary and tests online.
Meanwhile, I want to give one more example of the causative verb grammar from this week:
Duan:"Study! Study Study!" (to students)
What happened? The students studied harder :)
Can you write a causative verb sentence describing Duan's action?
ANSWER: "Duan motivated the students (to study harder)."
Try 3 more sentences using "have, push, encourage". Same sentences - just change the causative verb and tense.
Get it? If not, leave a note on this blog post for questions to me :)
Duan.
I hope you had fun doing your TOEIC homework from Thursday... th th th should be perfect!
Also, I am sure you gained a lot from the TOEIC resources in the previous posts - keep practicing your grammar, vocabulary and tests online.
Meanwhile, I want to give one more example of the causative verb grammar from this week:
Duan:"Study! Study Study!" (to students)
What happened? The students studied harder :)
Can you write a causative verb sentence describing Duan's action?
ANSWER: "Duan motivated the students (to study harder)."
Try 3 more sentences using "have, push, encourage". Same sentences - just change the causative verb and tense.
Get it? If not, leave a note on this blog post for questions to me :)
Duan.
Wednesday, April 8, 2009
CAUSATIVE VERBS
OK, THE GRAMMAR FOCUS THIS WEEK IS CAUSATIVE VERBS, (click here for a great explanation), SO TOO PRACTISING COMMON-SOUNDING WORDS, WHICH ARE OFTEN USED AS TRICKS IN THE TOEIC TEST.
1.So, what is a causative verb??? It's basically when we use verbs like have to imply one subject's effect on another. eg "I had my sister kick my mum!"
2. Study passive forms and active.
3. Look at a teacher discussion of these verbs.
4. OK, let's pracise here! Yay!
5. Read this definition:
Causative Verbs
Causative verbs designate the action necessary to cause another action to happen. In "The devil made me do it." the verb "made" causes the "do" to happen. Here is a brief list of causative verbs, in no particular order: let, help, allow, have, require, allow, motivate, get, make, convince, hire, assist, encourage, permit, employ, force. Most of them are followed by an object (noun or pronoun) followed by an infinitive: "She allows her pet cockatiel to perch on the windowsill. She hired a carpenter to build a new birdcage."
Three causative verbs are exceptions to the pattern described above. Instead of being followed by a noun/pronoun and an infinitive, the causative verbs have, make and let are followed by a noun/pronoun and the base form of the verb (which is actually an infinitive with the "to" left off).
Professor Villa had her students read four short novels in one week.
She also made them read five plays in one week.
However, she let them skip the final exam.
1.So, what is a causative verb??? It's basically when we use verbs like have to imply one subject's effect on another. eg "I had my sister kick my mum!"
2. Study passive forms and active.
3. Look at a teacher discussion of these verbs.
4. OK, let's pracise here! Yay!
5. Read this definition:
Causative Verbs
Causative verbs designate the action necessary to cause another action to happen. In "The devil made me do it." the verb "made" causes the "do" to happen. Here is a brief list of causative verbs, in no particular order: let, help, allow, have, require, allow, motivate, get, make, convince, hire, assist, encourage, permit, employ, force. Most of them are followed by an object (noun or pronoun) followed by an infinitive: "She allows her pet cockatiel to perch on the windowsill. She hired a carpenter to build a new birdcage."
Three causative verbs are exceptions to the pattern described above. Instead of being followed by a noun/pronoun and an infinitive, the causative verbs have, make and let are followed by a noun/pronoun and the base form of the verb (which is actually an infinitive with the "to" left off).
Professor Villa had her students read four short novels in one week.
She also made them read five plays in one week.
However, she let them skip the final exam.
Monday, April 6, 2009
For Homework
Hi! For homework this Thursday, as well as trying the links in the previous posts, have you tried studying pronuciation using YouTube??
Try here, for example! Th-th-th-th-th-th-th-th-th-th-th...
Try here, for example! Th-th-th-th-th-th-th-th-th-th-th...
Sunday, April 5, 2009
Follow
Hi class!
To find out about TOEIC, homework or study updates on this blog, why not sign up? Click the link at the bottom of the page and enter your details to be updated regularly with English study information.
Cheers!
Duan.
To find out about TOEIC, homework or study updates on this blog, why not sign up? Click the link at the bottom of the page and enter your details to be updated regularly with English study information.
Cheers!
Duan.
TOEIC resources
Hi TOEIC class!
Some of you have asked for additional TOEIC test practice and resources. Try these:
1. Sample test
2. Section 5 example
3. Section 6 example
4. What is the exam? 7 sections described.
5. What sort of grammar questions are there? Try these.
6. How do I study more grammar by myself at home? Try a4ESL.
7. How do I improve my listening? Try listening (L) on this page.
8. Read the description, then try another mock exam.
9. Try some listening practice with headphones at PGIC!
On this page, click each 1-10 below for PART I practice, then try: Part II Part III Part IV
i.e. TOEIC listening 1
1. Autobahn
2. The bund Shanghai
3. Brooklyn Bridge
4. Florence
5. Motorboats
6. Tram
7. London
8. Subway tunnel
9. Air hostess
10. Business team
10. One more TOEIC example test.
More resources.
1. Here
2. HUGE list of TOEIC resources to try here... vocabulary and so on.
3. Why not try searching with Google for yourself?
4. Also, have a look at this useful proficiency page. (Thanks, ref.)
Happy studying!
Duan.
Some of you have asked for additional TOEIC test practice and resources. Try these:
1. Sample test
2. Section 5 example
3. Section 6 example
4. What is the exam? 7 sections described.
5. What sort of grammar questions are there? Try these.
6. How do I study more grammar by myself at home? Try a4ESL.
7. How do I improve my listening? Try listening (L) on this page.
8. Read the description, then try another mock exam.
9. Try some listening practice with headphones at PGIC!
On this page, click each 1-10 below for PART I practice, then try: Part II Part III Part IV
i.e. TOEIC listening 1
1. Autobahn
2. The bund Shanghai
3. Brooklyn Bridge
4. Florence
5. Motorboats
6. Tram
7. London
8. Subway tunnel
9. Air hostess
10. Business team
10. One more TOEIC example test.
More resources.
1. Here
2. HUGE list of TOEIC resources to try here... vocabulary and so on.
3. Why not try searching with Google for yourself?
4. Also, have a look at this useful proficiency page. (Thanks, ref.)
Happy studying!
Duan.
Wednesday, April 1, 2009
Plural
In English, there are many exceptions for plurals.
1. Study the exceptions.
2. Try this REGULAR PLURALS quiz.
3. Try this IRregular plurals quiz too.
4. Study FOREIGN plurals.
From class:
Every person IS happy.
Each apple IS delicious.
The police ARE useful.
The staff ARE nice.
The employees ARE great.
More reading:
Plurals
Another quiz
Again
Practice makes perfect.
Common
1. Study the exceptions.
2. Try this REGULAR PLURALS quiz.
3. Try this IRregular plurals quiz too.
4. Study FOREIGN plurals.
From class:
Every person IS happy.
Each apple IS delicious.
The police ARE useful.
The staff ARE nice.
The employees ARE great.
More reading:
Plurals
Another quiz
Again
Practice makes perfect.
Common
TOEIC April 2nd
Hi TOEIC class!
This week, we have been looking at subject-verb agreement as part of our focus for the TOEIC test. Try the links below to study here and for homework:
What is subject-verb agreement? Click here first!
(Remember, right-clicking your mouse OPEN IN NEW TAB is best!)
1. Read this.
2. Try this simple example quiz.
3. Study more here.
4. Try these!
5. Harder...
6. This page is useful. Try it too.
7. More advanced.
More reading
This week's grammar focus is countable and un (non)-countable nouns and use in grammar structures. This understanding and practice are very important for improving your TOEIC scores. Practice by clicking each of the links below:
1. Study first
2. Try a quiz next
3. http://home.earthlink.net/~eslstudent/grammar/adjadv.html
4. http://a4esl.org/q/j/ck/ch-countnouns.html
5. http://www.englishmedialab.com/Quizzes/preintermediate/first%20conditional.htm
6. http://preintduan.blogspot.com/
Printed in class: agreement practice.
Monday, March 30, 2009
TOEIC March 30 09
Hi!
Here are some links about sentence structure, talked about in today's class. Also, brillig!
What are ...?
Adjectives
Adverb or adjective?
Countable or uncoutable?
What do all these grammar terms mean anyway? Conjunctions ,etc...
General study of grammar terms.
MIMSY WERE THE BOROGOVES
'T was brillig, and the slithy toves
Did gyre and gimble in the wabe.
All mimsy were the borogoves
And the mome raths outgrabe.
...
For homework, try breaking down this last stanza, then re-write like we did in class:
Alien toys, cast adrift through time,
Washed up in the reeds.
Little girl tries to tell her friend
'Bout the sliding beads.
'T was brillig, and the slithy toves
Did gyre and gimble in the wabe.
All mimsy were the borogoves
And the mome raths outgrabe outgrabe!
Here are some links about sentence structure, talked about in today's class. Also, brillig!
What are ...?
Adjectives
Adverb or adjective?
Countable or uncoutable?
What do all these grammar terms mean anyway? Conjunctions ,etc...
General study of grammar terms.
MIMSY WERE THE BOROGOVES
'T was brillig, and the slithy toves
Did gyre and gimble in the wabe.
All mimsy were the borogoves
And the mome raths outgrabe.
...
For homework, try breaking down this last stanza, then re-write like we did in class:
Alien toys, cast adrift through time,
Washed up in the reeds.
Little girl tries to tell her friend
'Bout the sliding beads.
'T was brillig, and the slithy toves
Did gyre and gimble in the wabe.
All mimsy were the borogoves
And the mome raths outgrabe outgrabe!
Sunday, March 29, 2009
Revision
• Some, Any or No - from a4esl.org, by VM
• Some, any, etc. - Dictation - from Une Education Pour Demain
• Some, any, etc. "MCQ" - from Une Education Pour Demain
• Countable & Uncountable 1 (much, many, etc.) - from Une Education Pour Demain
• Countable & Uncountable 2 (much, many, etc.) - from Une Education Pour Demain
• Countable & Uncountable 3 (much, many, etc.) - from Une Education Pour Demain
• Countable & Uncountable 4 (much, many, etc.) - from Une Education Pour Demain
• Some, any, etc. - Dictation - from Une Education Pour Demain
• Some, any, etc. "MCQ" - from Une Education Pour Demain
• Countable & Uncountable 1 (much, many, etc.) - from Une Education Pour Demain
• Countable & Uncountable 2 (much, many, etc.) - from Une Education Pour Demain
• Countable & Uncountable 3 (much, many, etc.) - from Une Education Pour Demain
• Countable & Uncountable 4 (much, many, etc.) - from Une Education Pour Demain
Monday, March 23, 2009
Note
From class today...
"I paused to kiss you". <-infinitive
"I paused while kissing you." <- is this a gerund noun???
Answer... no: it's actually "I paused while (I was) kissing you"... past continuous!
So, can we use paused like stopped in this sense?
Compare the example from the white board:
"I stopped to hit the table." <- infinitive
"I stopped hitting the table." <- gerund
So, the exceptions like stop are listed here:
Verbs that take only gerunds as verbal direct objects:
deny risk delay consider
can't help keep give up be fond of
finish quit put off practice
postpone tolerate suggest stop (quit)
regret enjoy keep (on) dislike
admit avoid recall mind
miss detest appreciate recommend
get/be through get/be tired of get/be accustomed to get/be used to
"I paused to kiss you". <-infinitive
"I paused while kissing you." <- is this a gerund noun???
Answer... no: it's actually "I paused while (I was) kissing you"... past continuous!
So, can we use paused like stopped in this sense?
Compare the example from the white board:
"I stopped to hit the table." <- infinitive
"I stopped hitting the table." <- gerund
So, the exceptions like stop are listed here:
Verbs that take only gerunds as verbal direct objects:
deny risk delay consider
can't help keep give up be fond of
finish quit put off practice
postpone tolerate suggest stop (quit)
regret enjoy keep (on) dislike
admit avoid recall mind
miss detest appreciate recommend
get/be through get/be tired of get/be accustomed to get/be used to
Verbs for gerunds...
Reference:
Please memorise these verbs so that you can CHOOSE between gerund or infinitive:
Verbs that take only infinitives as verbal direct objectsagree decide expect hesitate
learn need promise neglect
hope want plan attempt
propose intend pretend
Examples:
I hope to go on a vacation soon.
(not: I hope going on a vacation soon.*)
He promised to go on a diet.
(not: He promised going on a diet. *)
They agreed to sign the treaty.
(not: They agreed signing the treaty.*)
Because she was nervous, she hesitated to speak.
(not: Because she was nervous, she hesitated speaking.*)
They will attempt to resuscitate the victim
(not: They will attempt resuscitating the victim.*)
Verbs that take only gerunds as verbal direct objectsdeny risk delay consider
can't help keep give up be fond of
finish quit put off practice
postpone tolerate suggest stop (quit)
regret enjoy keep (on) dislike
admit avoid recall mind
miss detest appreciate recommend
get/be through get/be tired of get/be accustomed to get/be used to
Examples:
They always avoid drinking before driving.
(not: They always avoid to drink before driving.*)
I recall asking her that question.
(not: I recall to ask her that question.*)
She put off buying a new jacket.
(not: She put off to buy a new jacket.*)
Mr. Allen enjoys cooking.
(not: Mr. Allen enjoys to cook.*)
Charles keeps calling her.
(not: Charles keeps to call her.*)
Verbs that take gerunds or infinitives as verbal direct objects
start begin continue hate
prefer like love try
remember
Examples:
She has continued to work at the store.
She has continued working at the store.
They like to go to the movies.
They like going to the movies.
Brent started to walk home.
Brent started walking home.
Forget and remember
These two verbs change meaning depending on whether a gerund or infinitive is used as the object.
Examples:
Jack forgets to take out the cat. (He regularly forgets.)
Jack forgets taking out the cat. (He did it, but he doesn't remember now.)
Jack forgot to take out the cat. (He never did it.)
Jack forgot taking out the cat. (He did it, but he didn't remember sometime later.)
Jack remembers to take out the cat. (He regularly remembers.)
Jack remembers taking out the cat. (He did it, and he remembers now.)
Jack remembered to take out the cat. (He did it.)
Jack remembered taking out the cat. (He did it, and he remembered sometime later.)
In the second of each pair of example sentences above, the past progressive gerund form having taken can be used in place of taking to avoid any possible confusion.
Sense verbs that take an object plus a gerund or a simple verb
Certain sense verbs take an object followed by either a gerund or a simple verb (infinitive form minus the word to). With many of the verbs that follow the object, the use of the gerund indicates continuous action while the use of the simple verb indicates a one-time action. Still, sometimes the simple verb can indicate continuous action if one-time action wouldn't make sense in the context.
feel hear notice watch
see smell observe
Examples:
We watched him playing basketball. (continuous action)
We watched him play basketball. (continuous action)
I felt my heart pumping vigorously. (continuous action)
I felt my heart pump vigorously. (continuous action)
She saw them jumping on the bed. (continuous action)
She saw them jump on the bed. (one-time action)
Tom heard the victim shouting for help. (continuous action)
Tom heard the victim shout for help. (one-time action)
The detective noticed the suspect biting his nails. (continuous action)
The detective noticed the suspect bite his nails. (one-time action)
We could smell the pie baking in the kitchen. (continuous action)
We could smell the pie bake in the kitchen. (continuous action)
Sometimes the simple-verb version might seem unconventional, so it's safer in most cases to use the gerund version.
Please memorise these verbs so that you can CHOOSE between gerund or infinitive:
Verbs that take only infinitives as verbal direct objectsagree decide expect hesitate
learn need promise neglect
hope want plan attempt
propose intend pretend
Examples:
I hope to go on a vacation soon.
(not: I hope going on a vacation soon.*)
He promised to go on a diet.
(not: He promised going on a diet. *)
They agreed to sign the treaty.
(not: They agreed signing the treaty.*)
Because she was nervous, she hesitated to speak.
(not: Because she was nervous, she hesitated speaking.*)
They will attempt to resuscitate the victim
(not: They will attempt resuscitating the victim.*)
Verbs that take only gerunds as verbal direct objectsdeny risk delay consider
can't help keep give up be fond of
finish quit put off practice
postpone tolerate suggest stop (quit)
regret enjoy keep (on) dislike
admit avoid recall mind
miss detest appreciate recommend
get/be through get/be tired of get/be accustomed to get/be used to
Examples:
They always avoid drinking before driving.
(not: They always avoid to drink before driving.*)
I recall asking her that question.
(not: I recall to ask her that question.*)
She put off buying a new jacket.
(not: She put off to buy a new jacket.*)
Mr. Allen enjoys cooking.
(not: Mr. Allen enjoys to cook.*)
Charles keeps calling her.
(not: Charles keeps to call her.*)
Verbs that take gerunds or infinitives as verbal direct objects
start begin continue hate
prefer like love try
remember
Examples:
She has continued to work at the store.
She has continued working at the store.
They like to go to the movies.
They like going to the movies.
Brent started to walk home.
Brent started walking home.
Forget and remember
These two verbs change meaning depending on whether a gerund or infinitive is used as the object.
Examples:
Jack forgets to take out the cat. (He regularly forgets.)
Jack forgets taking out the cat. (He did it, but he doesn't remember now.)
Jack forgot to take out the cat. (He never did it.)
Jack forgot taking out the cat. (He did it, but he didn't remember sometime later.)
Jack remembers to take out the cat. (He regularly remembers.)
Jack remembers taking out the cat. (He did it, and he remembers now.)
Jack remembered to take out the cat. (He did it.)
Jack remembered taking out the cat. (He did it, and he remembered sometime later.)
In the second of each pair of example sentences above, the past progressive gerund form having taken can be used in place of taking to avoid any possible confusion.
Sense verbs that take an object plus a gerund or a simple verb
Certain sense verbs take an object followed by either a gerund or a simple verb (infinitive form minus the word to). With many of the verbs that follow the object, the use of the gerund indicates continuous action while the use of the simple verb indicates a one-time action. Still, sometimes the simple verb can indicate continuous action if one-time action wouldn't make sense in the context.
feel hear notice watch
see smell observe
Examples:
We watched him playing basketball. (continuous action)
We watched him play basketball. (continuous action)
I felt my heart pumping vigorously. (continuous action)
I felt my heart pump vigorously. (continuous action)
She saw them jumping on the bed. (continuous action)
She saw them jump on the bed. (one-time action)
Tom heard the victim shouting for help. (continuous action)
Tom heard the victim shout for help. (one-time action)
The detective noticed the suspect biting his nails. (continuous action)
The detective noticed the suspect bite his nails. (one-time action)
We could smell the pie baking in the kitchen. (continuous action)
We could smell the pie bake in the kitchen. (continuous action)
Sometimes the simple-verb version might seem unconventional, so it's safer in most cases to use the gerund version.
ing_ed_ly differences
My lovely family.
i.e. = that is / in other words / …
e.g. = for example.
i.e. My family is wonderful and nice.
My family is lovely.
My loved family.
i.e. Many other people love my family.
My family is loved (by others).
My loving family.
i.e. My family loves other people (e.g. me!).
i.e. = that is / in other words / …
e.g. = for example.
i.e. My family is wonderful and nice.
My family is lovely.
My loved family.
i.e. Many other people love my family.
My family is loved (by others).
My loving family.
i.e. My family loves other people (e.g. me!).
Sunday, March 22, 2009
Month_3_review_mods_2_10_12
Today we're going to focus on modules 2,10 and 12.
Countable/noncoutable: adverbs of quantity
link1
link2
link3
link4
link5
link6
link7
link8
link9
Wh-questions:
link10
link11
Module 10:
Gerunds: short responses
link12
link13
link14
link15
link16
link17
link18
link19
link20
link21
CONJUNCTIONS
And-But-Or - from a4esl.org, LB
Conjunctions - (Crossword Puzzle) - from iteslj.org, VM
Conjunctions - Level 1 - from a4esl.org, by VM
Conjunctions - Level 2 - from a4esl.org, by VM
So or Because - from a4esl.org, LB
LINK:
link22
Further resources:
link23
link24
Countable/noncoutable: adverbs of quantity
link1
link2
link3
link4
link5
link6
link7
link8
link9
Wh-questions:
link10
link11
Module 10:
Gerunds: short responses
link12
link13
link14
link15
link16
link17
link18
link19
link20
link21
CONJUNCTIONS
And-But-Or - from a4esl.org, LB
Conjunctions - (Crossword Puzzle) - from iteslj.org, VM
Conjunctions - Level 1 - from a4esl.org, by VM
Conjunctions - Level 2 - from a4esl.org, by VM
So or Because - from a4esl.org, LB
LINK:
link22
Further resources:
link23
link24
Conjunction focus
Conjunctions
I like you. Because you are sweet. (con+c1 – no!)
I like you. You are sweet.
Because you are sweet, I like you.
(because + c2, c1)
(c1 + because +c2)
I like you because you are sweet.
I like you as you are sweet.
I like you since you are sweet.
I like you. And I like your brother. X
I like you and your brother.
I like you, as well as your brother.
I like you, so too your brother.
I like you. But you are ugly. (con+c1 – NO!)
I like you, but you are ugly.
I like you …….. . However, (opposite idea), you are ugly.
I like you, even though you’re ugly.
I like you, despite your ugliness.
I like you, in spite of your ugliness. (noun)
Though you’re ugly, I (still) like you.
Despite your ugliness, I like you.
Although you’re ugly, I like you.
I like you. You’re ugly, though. (not although)
I like you, regardless of your ugliness.
(These can all be reversed -> con c1, c2
It was a wonderful session, since (/becase/as) everyone was lively and interested. And Also, the students listened attentively.
Fjkdlas;fjlkads;jflkd; <- (+) Also, I am happy.
In addition, I am happy.
Moreover, I am happy.
I am healthy. More importantly, I am happy.
Therefore, I am happy.
As a result, I am happy.
Consequently, I am happy.
Conjunction = con + join = bring 2 clauses together
A husband and wife are conjoined in matrimony!
(synonym for marriage)
I like you. Because you are sweet. (con+c1 – no!)
I like you. You are sweet.
Because you are sweet, I like you.
(because + c2, c1)
(c1 + because +c2)
I like you because you are sweet.
I like you as you are sweet.
I like you since you are sweet.
I like you. And I like your brother. X
I like you and your brother.
I like you, as well as your brother.
I like you, so too your brother.
I like you. But you are ugly. (con+c1 – NO!)
I like you, but you are ugly.
I like you …….. . However, (opposite idea), you are ugly.
I like you, even though you’re ugly.
I like you, despite your ugliness.
I like you, in spite of your ugliness. (noun)
Though you’re ugly, I (still) like you.
Despite your ugliness, I like you.
Although you’re ugly, I like you.
I like you. You’re ugly, though. (not although)
I like you, regardless of your ugliness.
(These can all be reversed -> con c1, c2
It was a wonderful session, since (/becase/as) everyone was lively and interested. And Also, the students listened attentively.
Fjkdlas;fjlkads;jflkd; <- (+) Also, I am happy.
In addition, I am happy.
Moreover, I am happy.
I am healthy. More importantly, I am happy.
Therefore, I am happy.
As a result, I am happy.
Consequently, I am happy.
Conjunction = con + join = bring 2 clauses together
A husband and wife are conjoined in matrimony!
(synonym for marriage)
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